[Checkins] SVN: zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install. Added a script-generation option to generate relative paths for eggs
Jim Fulton
jim at zope.com
Tue Mar 17 09:09:21 EDT 2009
Log message for revision 98175:
Added a script-generation option to generate relative paths for eggs
in scripts when both the script and the eggs have a common base directory.
Changed:
U zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install.py
U zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install.txt
-=-
Modified: zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install.py
===================================================================
--- zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install.py 2009-03-17 02:54:58 UTC (rev 98174)
+++ zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install.py 2009-03-17 13:09:21 UTC (rev 98175)
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@
if FILE_SCHEME(url):
return True
return setuptools.package_index.PackageIndex.url_ok(self, url, False)
-
+
_indexes = {}
def _get_index(executable, index_url, find_links, allow_hosts=('*',)):
key = executable, index_url, tuple(find_links)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
index = AllowHostsPackageIndex(
index_url, hosts=allow_hosts, python=_get_version(executable)
)
-
+
if find_links:
index.add_find_links(find_links)
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
_use_dependency_links = True
_allow_picked_versions = True
_always_unzip = False
-
+
def __init__(self,
dest=None,
links=(),
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
if not dists:
logger.debug('We have no distributions for %s that satisfies %r.',
req.project_name, str(req))
-
+
return None, self._obtain(req, source)
# Note that dists are sorted from best to worst, as promised by
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
# newer ones. Let's find out which ones are available and see if
# any are newer. We only do this if we're willing to install
# something, which is only true if dest is not None:
-
+
if self._dest is not None:
best_available = self._obtain(req, source)
else:
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
best_available.parsed_version
):
return None, best_available
-
+
logger.debug(
'We have the best distribution that satisfies %r.',
str(req))
@@ -326,10 +326,10 @@
args += (dict(os.environ, PYTHONPATH=path), )
sys.stdout.flush() # We want any pending output first
-
+
if is_jython:
exit_code = subprocess.Popen(
- [_safe_arg(self._executable)] + list(args),
+ [_safe_arg(self._executable)] + list(args),
env=extra_env).wait()
else:
exit_code = os.spawnle(
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
)
for project in env:
dists.extend(env[project])
-
+
if exit_code:
logger.error(
"An error occured when trying to install %s."
@@ -388,18 +388,18 @@
[newloc],
python=_get_version(self._executable),
)[d.project_name]
-
+
result.append(d)
return result
finally:
shutil.rmtree(tmp)
-
+
def _obtain(self, requirement, source=None):
# initialize out index for this project:
index = self._index
-
+
if index.obtain(requirement) is None:
# Nothing is available.
return None
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@
if len(best) == 1:
return best[0]
-
+
if self._download_cache:
for dist in best:
if (realpath(os.path.dirname(dist.location))
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@
# to the download cache
shutil.copy2(new_location, tmp)
new_location = os.path.join(tmp, os.path.basename(new_location))
-
+
return dist.clone(location=new_location)
def _get_dist(self, requirement, ws, always_unzip):
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@
# Maybe an existing dist is already the best dist that satisfies the
# requirement
dist, avail = self._satisfied(requirement)
-
+
if dist is None:
if self._dest is not None:
logger.info(*__doing__)
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@
self._env.scan([self._dest])
dist = self._env.best_match(requirement, ws)
- logger.info("Got %s.", dist)
+ logger.info("Got %s.", dist)
else:
dists = [dist]
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
logger.debug('Adding find link %r from %s', link, dist)
self._links.append(link)
self._index = _get_index(self._executable,
- self._index_url, self._links,
+ self._index_url, self._links,
self._allow_hosts)
for dist in dists:
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
logger.error("The version, %s, is not consistent with the "
"requirement, %r.", version, str(requirement))
raise IncompatibleVersionError("Bad version", version)
-
+
requirement = pkg_resources.Requirement.parse(
"%s ==%s" % (requirement.project_name, version))
@@ -637,8 +637,8 @@
requirements = [self._constrain(pkg_resources.Requirement.parse(spec))
for spec in specs]
-
+
if working_set is None:
ws = pkg_resources.WorkingSet([])
else:
@@ -668,10 +668,10 @@
else:
logger.debug('Adding required %r', str(requirement))
_log_requirement(ws, requirement)
-
+
for dist in self._get_dist(requirement, ws, self._always_unzip
):
-
+
ws.add(dist)
self._maybe_add_setuptools(ws, dist)
except pkg_resources.VersionConflict, err:
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@
% os.path.basename(dist.location)
)
base = os.path.dirname(setups[0])
-
+
setup_cfg = os.path.join(base, 'setup.cfg')
if not os.path.exists(setup_cfg):
f = open(setup_cfg, 'w')
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
path=None, working_set=None, newest=True, versions=None,
use_dependency_links=None, allow_hosts=('*',)):
installer = Installer(dest, links, index, executable, always_unzip, path,
- newest, versions, use_dependency_links,
+ newest, versions, use_dependency_links,
allow_hosts=allow_hosts)
return installer.install(specs, working_set)
@@ -810,8 +810,8 @@
versions, allow_hosts=allow_hosts)
return installer.build(spec, build_ext)
-
+
def _rm(*paths):
for path in paths:
if os.path.isdir(path):
@@ -828,10 +828,10 @@
_rm(new)
os.rename(os.path.join(src, name), new)
result.append(new)
-
+
assert len(result) == 1, str(result)
undo.pop()
-
+
return result[0]
def develop(setup, dest,
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@
setup = os.path.join(directory, 'setup.py')
else:
directory = os.path.dirname(setup)
-
+
undo = []
try:
if build_ext:
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@
))
tmp3 = tempfile.mkdtemp('build', dir=dest)
- undo.append(lambda : shutil.rmtree(tmp3))
+ undo.append(lambda : shutil.rmtree(tmp3))
args = [
zc.buildout.easy_install._safe_arg(tsetup),
@@ -893,15 +893,16 @@
if is_jython:
assert subprocess.Popen([_safe_arg(executable)] + args).wait() == 0
else:
- assert os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, executable, _safe_arg (executable), *args) == 0
+ assert os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, executable, _safe_arg(executable),
+ *args) == 0
return _copyeggs(tmp3, dest, '.egg-link', undo)
finally:
undo.reverse()
[f() for f in undo]
-
-
+
+
def working_set(specs, executable, path):
return install(specs, None, executable=executable, path=path)
@@ -911,11 +912,13 @@
arguments='',
interpreter=None,
initialization='',
+ relative_paths=False,
):
-
+
path = [dist.location for dist in working_set]
path.extend(extra_paths)
- path = repr(path)[1:-1].replace(', ', ',\n ')
+ path = map(realpath, path)
+
generated = []
if isinstance(reqs, str):
@@ -938,7 +941,7 @@
)
else:
entry_points.append(req)
-
+
for name, module_name, attrs in entry_points:
if scripts is not None:
sname = scripts.get(name)
@@ -948,19 +951,87 @@
sname = name
sname = os.path.join(dest, sname)
+ spath, rpsetup = _relative_path_and_setup(sname, path, relative_paths)
+
generated.extend(
- _script(module_name, attrs, path, sname, executable, arguments,
- initialization)
+ _script(module_name, attrs, spath, sname, executable, arguments,
+ initialization, rpsetup)
)
if interpreter:
sname = os.path.join(dest, interpreter)
- generated.extend(_pyscript(path, sname, executable))
+ spath, rpsetup = _relative_path_and_setup(sname, path, relative_paths)
+ generated.extend(_pyscript(spath, sname, executable, rpsetup))
return generated
+def _relative_path_and_setup(sname, path, relative_paths):
+ if relative_paths:
+ sname = os.path.abspath(sname)
+ spath = ',\n '.join(
+ [_relativitize(path_item, sname, relative_paths)
+ for path_item in path]
+ )
+ rpsetup = relative_paths_setup
+ else:
+ spath = repr(path)[1:-1].replace(', ', ',\n ')
+ rpsetup = ''
+ return spath, rpsetup
+
+
+def _relative_depth(common, path):
+ n = 0
+ while 1:
+ dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
+ if dirname == path:
+ raise AssertionError("dirname of %s is the same" % dirname)
+ if dirname == common:
+ break
+ n += 1
+ path = dirname
+ return n
+
+def _relative_path(common, path):
+ r = []
+ while 1:
+ dirname, basename = os.path.split(path)
+ r.append(basename)
+ if dirname == common:
+ break
+ if dirname == path:
+ raise AssertionError("dirname of %s is the same" % dirname)
+ path = dirname
+ r.reverse()
+ return os.path.join(*r)
+
+def _relativitize(path, script, relative_paths):
+ if path == script:
+ raise AssertionError("path == script")
+ common = os.path.dirname(os.path.commonprefix([path, script]))
+ if (common == relative_paths or
+ common.startswith(os.path.join(relative_paths, ''))
+ ):
+ return "join(dirname(%s, __file__), %r)" % (
+ _relative_depth(common, script), _relative_path(common, path)
+ )
+ else:
+ return repr(path)
+
+
+relative_paths_setup = """
+import os
+
+def dirname(n, path):
+ while n >= 0:
+ n -= 1
+ path = os.path.dirname(path)
+ return path
+
+join = os.path.join
+"""
+
def _script(module_name, attrs, path, dest, executable, arguments,
- initialization):
+ initialization, rsetup):
generated = []
script = dest
if is_win32:
@@ -973,6 +1044,7 @@
attrs = attrs,
arguments = arguments,
initialization = initialization,
+ relative_paths_setup = rsetup,
)
changed = not (os.path.exists(dest) and open(dest).read() == contents)
@@ -984,7 +1056,7 @@
# Only write it if it's different.
open(exe, 'wb').write(new_data)
generated.append(exe)
-
+
if changed:
open(dest, 'w').write(contents)
logger.info("Generated script %r.", script)
@@ -993,7 +1065,7 @@
os.chmod(dest, 0755)
except (AttributeError, os.error):
pass
-
+
generated.append(dest)
return generated
@@ -1002,9 +1074,10 @@
else:
script_header = '#!%(python)s'
+
script_template = script_header + '''\
-
+%(relative_paths_setup)s
import sys
sys.path[0:0] = [
%(path)s,
@@ -1017,7 +1090,7 @@
'''
-def _pyscript(path, dest, executable):
+def _pyscript(path, dest, executable, rsetup):
generated = []
script = dest
if is_win32:
@@ -1026,6 +1099,7 @@
contents = py_script_template % dict(
python = _safe_arg(executable),
path = path,
+ relative_paths_setup = rsetup,
)
changed = not (os.path.exists(dest) and open(dest).read() == contents)
@@ -1051,8 +1125,9 @@
py_script_template = script_header + '''\
+%(relative_paths_setup)s
import sys
-
+
sys.path[0:0] = [
%(path)s,
]
@@ -1067,7 +1142,7 @@
_interactive = True
elif _opt == '-c':
exec _val
-
+
if _args:
sys.argv[:] = _args
execfile(sys.argv[0])
@@ -1076,7 +1151,7 @@
import code
code.interact(banner="", local=globals())
'''
-
+
runsetup_template = """
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, %(setupdir)r)
@@ -1124,7 +1199,7 @@
for dist in ws:
if req in dist.requires():
logger.debug(" required by %s." % dist)
-
+
def _fix_file_links(links):
for link in links:
if link.startswith('file://') and link[-1] != '/':
@@ -1150,7 +1225,7 @@
filepath = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
if not (os.path.exists(filepath+'c')
or os.path.exists(filepath+'o')):
- # If it wasn't compiled, it may not be compilable
+ # If it wasn't compiled, it may not be compilable
continue
# OK, it looks like we should try to compile.
@@ -1171,9 +1246,9 @@
if __debug__:
args.append('-O')
args.extend(['-m', 'py_compile', _safe_arg(filepath)])
-
+
if is_jython:
subprocess.call([sys.executable, args])
else:
os.spawnv(os.P_WAIT, sys.executable, args)
-
+
Modified: zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install.txt
===================================================================
--- zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install.txt 2009-03-17 02:54:58 UTC (rev 98174)
+++ zc.buildout/trunk/src/zc/buildout/easy_install.txt 2009-03-17 13:09:21 UTC (rev 98175)
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
- By default, we look for new packages *and* the packages that
they depend on. This is somewhat like (and uses) the --upgrade
option of easy_install, except that we also upgrade required
- packages.
+ packages.
- If the highest-revision package satisfying a specification is
already present, then we don't try to get another one. This saves a
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
alternate index with this option. If you use the links option and
if the links point to the needed distributions, then the index can
be anything and will be largely ignored. In the examples, here,
- we'll just point to an empty directory on our link server. This
+ we'll just point to an empty directory on our link server. This
will make our examples run a little bit faster.
executable
@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@
for using dependency_links in preference to other
locations. Defaults to true.
+relative_paths
+ Adjust egg paths so they are relative to the script path. This
+ allows scripts to work when scripts and eggs are moved, as long as
+ they are both moved in the same way.
+
The install method returns a working set containing the distributions
needed to meet the given requirements.
@@ -116,10 +121,10 @@
>>> ws = zc.buildout.easy_install.install(
... ['demo==0.2'], dest,
... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/')
-
+
We requested version 0.2 of the demo distribution to be installed into
the destination server. We specified that we should search for links
-on the link server and that we should use the (empty) link server
+on the link server and that we should use the (empty) link server
index directory as a package index.
The working set contains the distributions we retrieved.
@@ -220,7 +225,7 @@
>>> ls(dest)
d demo-0.3-py2.4.egg
d demoneeded-1.1-py2.4.egg
-
+
>>> rmdir(dest)
>>> dest = tmpdir('sample-install')
>>> ws = zc.buildout.easy_install.install(
@@ -314,7 +319,7 @@
>>> handler.clear()
-If no versions are specified, a debugging message will be output
+If no versions are specified, a debugging message will be output
reporting that a version was picked automatically:
>>> ws = zc.buildout.easy_install.install(
@@ -402,7 +407,7 @@
own notion of where to look for dependencies, but it also uses the
setup tools dependency_links information if it's available.
-Let's demo this by creating an egg that specifies dependency_links.
+Let's demo this by creating an egg that specifies dependency_links.
To begin, let's create a new egg repository. This repository hold a
newer version of the 'demoneeded' egg than the sample repository does.
@@ -414,7 +419,7 @@
Turn on logging on this server so that we can see when eggs are pulled
from it.
-
+
>>> get(link_server2 + 'enable_server_logging')
GET 200 /enable_server_logging
''
@@ -423,7 +428,7 @@
found on this server.
>>> repoloc = tmpdir('repo2')
- >>> create_egg('hasdeps', '1.0', repoloc,
+ >>> create_egg('hasdeps', '1.0', repoloc,
... install_requires = "'demoneeded'",
... dependency_links = [link_server2])
@@ -549,7 +554,7 @@
2. A working set,
-3. The Python executable to use, and
+3. The Python executable to use, and
3. The destination directory.
@@ -559,10 +564,10 @@
- demo
The return value is a list of the scripts generated:
-
+
>>> import os, sys
>>> if sys.platform == 'win32':
- ... scripts == [os.path.join(bin, 'demo.exe'),
+ ... scripts == [os.path.join(bin, 'demo.exe'),
... os.path.join(bin, 'demo-script.py')]
... else:
... scripts == [os.path.join(bin, 'demo')]
@@ -762,7 +767,7 @@
>>> scripts = zc.buildout.easy_install.scripts(
... ['demo'], ws, sys.executable, bin, dict(demo='run'),
- ... arguments='1, 2',
+ ... arguments='1, 2',
... initialization='import os\nos.chdir("foo")')
>>> cat(bin, 'run') # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
@@ -781,7 +786,108 @@
if __name__ == '__main__':
eggrecipedemo.main(1, 2)
+Relative paths
+--------------
+Sometimes, you want to be able to move a buildout directory around and
+have scripts still work without having to rebuild them. We can
+control this using the relative_paths option to install. You need
+to pass a common base directory of the scripts and eggs:
+
+ >>> bo = tmpdir('bo')
+ >>> mkdir(bo, 'eggs')
+ >>> mkdir(bo, 'bin')
+ >>> mkdir(bo, 'other')
+
+ >>> ws = zc.buildout.easy_install.install(
+ ... ['demo'], join(bo, 'eggs'), links=[link_server],
+ ... index=link_server+'index/')
+
+ >>> scripts = zc.buildout.easy_install.scripts(
+ ... ['demo'], ws, sys.executable, join(bo, 'bin'), dict(demo='run'),
+ ... extra_paths=[os.path.sep+'foo', join(bo, 'bar')],
+ ... interpreter='py',
+ ... relative_paths=bo)
+
+ >>> cat(bo, 'bin', 'run')
+ #!/usr/local/bin/python2.4
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ import os
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ def dirname(n, path):
+ while n >= 0:
+ n -= 1
+ path = os.path.dirname(path)
+ return path
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ join = os.path.join
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ import sys
+ sys.path[0:0] = [
+ join(dirname(1, __file__), 'eggs/demo-0.3-py2.4.egg'),
+ join(dirname(1, __file__), 'eggs/demoneeded-1.1-py2.4.egg'),
+ '/foo',
+ join(dirname(1, __file__), 'bar'),
+ ]
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ import eggrecipedemo
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ if __name__ == '__main__':
+ eggrecipedemo.main()
+
+Note that the extra path we specified that was outside the directory
+passed as relative_paths wasn't converted to a relative path.
+
+Of course, running the script works:
+
+ >>> print system(join(bo, 'bin', 'run')),
+ 3 1
+
+We specified an interpreter and its paths are adjusted too:
+
+ >>> cat(bo, 'bin', 'py')
+ #!/usr/local/bin/python2.4
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ import os
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ def dirname(n, path):
+ while n >= 0:
+ n -= 1
+ path = os.path.dirname(path)
+ return path
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ join = os.path.join
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ import sys
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ sys.path[0:0] = [
+ join(dirname(1, __file__), 'eggs/demo-0.3-py2.4.egg'),
+ join(dirname(1, __file__), 'eggs/demoneeded-1.1-py2.4.egg'),
+ '/foo',
+ join(dirname(1, __file__), 'bar'),
+ ]
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ _interactive = True
+ if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+ import getopt
+ _options, _args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ic:')
+ _interactive = False
+ for (_opt, _val) in _options:
+ if _opt == '-i':
+ _interactive = True
+ elif _opt == '-c':
+ exec _val
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ if _args:
+ sys.argv[:] = _args
+ execfile(sys.argv[0])
+ <BLANKLINE>
+ if _interactive:
+ import code
+ code.interact(banner="", local=globals())
+
+
Handling custom build options for extensions provided in source distributions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -816,7 +922,7 @@
alternate index with this option. If you use the links option and
if the links point to the needed distributions, then the index can
be anything and will be largely ignored. In the examples, here,
- we'll just point to an empty directory on our link server. This
+ we'll just point to an empty directory on our link server. This
will make our examples run a little bit faster.
executable
@@ -876,12 +982,12 @@
distribution:
>>> zc.buildout.easy_install.build(
- ... 'extdemo', dest,
+ ... 'extdemo', dest,
... {'include-dirs': os.path.join(sample_buildout, 'include')},
... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/')
['/sample-install/extdemo-1.4-py2.4-unix-i686.egg']
-The function returns the list of eggs
+The function returns the list of eggs
Now if we look in our destination directory, we see we have an extdemo egg:
@@ -920,7 +1026,7 @@
If we run build with newest set to False, we won't get an update:
>>> zc.buildout.easy_install.build(
- ... 'extdemo', dest,
+ ... 'extdemo', dest,
... {'include-dirs': os.path.join(sample_buildout, 'include')},
... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
... newest=False)
@@ -937,7 +1043,7 @@
get an updated egg:
>>> zc.buildout.easy_install.build(
- ... 'extdemo', dest,
+ ... 'extdemo', dest,
... {'include-dirs': os.path.join(sample_buildout, 'include')},
... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/')
['/sample-install/extdemo-1.5-py2.4-unix-i686.egg']
@@ -960,7 +1066,7 @@
... remove(dest, name)
>>> zc.buildout.easy_install.build(
- ... 'extdemo', dest,
+ ... 'extdemo', dest,
... {'include-dirs': os.path.join(sample_buildout, 'include')},
... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
... versions=dict(extdemo='1.4'))
@@ -974,7 +1080,7 @@
The develop function is similar to the build function, except that,
rather than building an egg from a source directory containing a
-setup.py script.
+setup.py script.
The develop function takes 2 positional arguments:
@@ -1008,7 +1114,7 @@
distribution:
>>> zc.buildout.easy_install.develop(
- ... extdemo, dest,
+ ... extdemo, dest,
... {'include-dirs': os.path.join(sample_buildout, 'include')})
'/sample-install/extdemo.egg-link'
@@ -1061,7 +1167,7 @@
We'd like to see what is being fetched from the server, so we'll
enable server logging:
-
+
>>> get(link_server+'enable_server_logging')
GET 200 /enable_server_logging
''
@@ -1070,7 +1176,7 @@
>>> ws = zc.buildout.easy_install.install(
... ['demo==0.2'], dest,
- ... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
+ ... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
... always_unzip=True)
GET 200 /
GET 404 /index/demo/
@@ -1081,7 +1187,7 @@
GET 404 /index/setuptools/
>>> zc.buildout.easy_install.build(
- ... 'extdemo', dest,
+ ... 'extdemo', dest,
... {'include-dirs': os.path.join(sample_buildout, 'include')},
... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/')
GET 404 /index/extdemo/
@@ -1103,7 +1209,7 @@
- extdemo-1.5.zip
The cache directory contains uninstalled distributions, such as zipped
-eggs or source distributions.
+eggs or source distributions.
Let's recreate our destination directory and clear the index cache:
@@ -1115,7 +1221,7 @@
>>> ws = zc.buildout.easy_install.install(
... ['demo==0.2'], dest,
- ... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
+ ... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
... always_unzip=True)
GET 200 /
GET 404 /index/demo/
@@ -1124,7 +1230,7 @@
GET 404 /index/setuptools/
>>> zc.buildout.easy_install.build(
- ... 'extdemo', dest,
+ ... 'extdemo', dest,
... {'include-dirs': os.path.join(sample_buildout, 'include')},
... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/')
GET 404 /index/extdemo/
@@ -1142,7 +1248,7 @@
>>> ws = zc.buildout.easy_install.install(
... ['demo'], dest,
- ... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
+ ... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
... always_unzip=True)
GET 200 /demo-0.3-py2.4.egg
@@ -1184,7 +1290,7 @@
>>> ws = zc.buildout.easy_install.install(
... ['demo'], dest,
- ... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
+ ... links=[link_server], index=link_server+'index/',
... always_unzip=True)
>>> ls(dest)
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